ABSTRACT
Background: Siddha Medicine is a valuable therapeutic choice which is classically used for treating viral respiratory infections, this principle of medicine is proven to contain antiviral compounds. Objective: The study is aimed to execute the In Silico computational studies of phytoconstituents of Siddha official formulation Kabasura Kudineer and novel herbal preparation JACOM which are commonly used in treating viral fever and respiratory infectious diseases and could be affective against the ongoing pandemic novel corona virus disease SARS-CoV-2. Method: Cresset Flare software was used for molecular docking studies against the spike protein SARSCoV-2 (PDB ID: 6VSB). Further, we also conducted in silico prediction studies on the pharmacokinetics (ADME) properties and the safety profile in order to identify the best drug candidates by using online pkCSM and SwissADME web servers. Results: Totally 37 compounds were screened, of these 9 compounds showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. All the phytoconstituents were free from carcinogenic and tumorigenic properties. Based on these, we proposed the new formulation called as "SNACKeV" Conclusion: Based on further experiments and clinical trials, these formulations could be used for effective treatment of COVID-19. (c) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute of Transdisciplinary Health Sciences and Technology and World Ayurveda Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
ABSTRACT
The SARS-CoV-2 was identified in December 2019 and spread quickly around the globe. Around 218 countries with 61,468,916 cases have been diagnosed as of November 27, 2020. The epidemic quarantine and symptomatic care plan control are the first step of the treatment in the absence of medicines and vaccines. The need for treatments/therapeutics is in high demand. Pharma companies are working around the clock to develop these treatments/therapeutics. Several traditional medicines are also followed as the treatments/therapeutics across the globe. In India, the traditional medicine system ranks to be one of the topmost promising treatments/therapeutics for ages. In COVID-19, the medicinal products for treatment, prophylaxis, and convalescence were listed based on the Siddha Medicine advisory provided by the Ministry of AYUSH. These drugs are recommended for the treatment and prophylaxis of symptoms. In reality, however, these medications have been in vogue for infectious diseases like Dengue and Chikungunya for the past two decades. In parallel, the in silico studies are positively helping in the drug discovery and unravel the drug mechanisms. The computational protein modeling techniques also play a significant role in identifying all the reference genome's proteins. This chapter discussed Siddha and Quarantine's traditional insight in viral diseases, Virus-based drug repurposing for coronaviruses, and various treatment, including significant drug repurposing and BSAA combination therapy. We have also used computational modeling techniques to identify and model the individual protein structures from the whole genome of SARS CoV-2. Finally, this chapter will explain the steps taken to develop and repurpose Kabasura Kudineer as a drug to inhibit the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
In a very short time, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global pandemic. It has infected about 29,155,581 patients and brought forth death rate about 926,544 among 216 countries as recorded by World Health Organization on 15th September 2020. At present, there is no specific and direct treatment or vaccine for this infectious disease. No therapeutic options available to cure the infection in till date which increases the mortality rate across the countries. Currently there is no antiviral treatments have been approved, several approaches have been proposed in western medicine, Chinese medicine, CAM, AYUSH and other systems. Siddha Herbal medicines are achieving high attention because of the extensive therapeutics like potent anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Ministry of AYUSH, Govt. of India recommended 12 Siddha herbals (Inji - Zingiber officinale, Thulasi - Ocimum sanctum, Milaku - Piper nigrum, Karunjeeragam - Nigella sativa, Keezhanelli - Phyllanthus niruri, Adhimathuram - Glycyrrhiza glabra, Vellaippoondu - Allium sativum, Citramutti - Sida cardifolia, Seenthil - Tinospora cordifolia, Manjal - Curcuma longa, Elumitchai - Citrus lemon and Vembu - Azadirachta indica) for the prevention by enhancing immunity as well as for the management of this infectious disease in its recent official publication 'Guidelines for Siddha Practitioners for COVID 19'. This is the common advisory and the anti-viral activity of these herbals against COVID 19 is not established yet. The current situation demands proper herbal drug utilization to prepare the population immunity to fight against the infection. The present review spotlight on the literature review and the review of pharmacological actions of these herbals.